Table 1 Sociodemographic characteristics; and bivariable and multivariable logistic regression showing the factors associated with major depressive disorder among adults with neurolathyrism in Dawunt district, Ethiopia: 2022

Sex

Female

32

12.50

17

15

1.96 (0.93–4.14)*

3.00 (1.15–7.84)**

Male

224

87.50

82

142

1

Current age

18-24years

65

25.39

28

37

1.17 (0.61–2.26)

25-34years

74

28.91

23

51

0.70 (0.36–1.35)

35-44years

33

12.89

15

18

1.29 (0.57–2.90)

45⁺years

84

32.81

33

51

1

Neurolathyrism onset age

< 10years

39

15.23

18

21

1.22 (0.48–3.10)

10-19years

129

50.39

42

87

0.69 (0.32–1.50)

20-29years

54

21.09

25

29

1.23 (0.52–2.93)

30⁺years

34

13.28

14

20

1

Duration with Neurolathyrism

30⁺years

34

13.28

16

18

1.93 (0.74–5.03)*

1.43 (0.31–6.67)

20-29years

64

25.00

25

39

1.39 (0.59–3.25)

1.35 (0.40–4.56)

10-19years

120

46.88

46

74

1.35 (0.62–2.93)

1.50 (0.55–4.10)

< 10years

38

14.84

12

26

1

Marital status

Divorced

49

19.14

30

19

2.89 (1.45–5.75)*

2.10 (0.89–5.00)

Widowed

11

4.30

2

9

0.41 (0.08–1.97)

0.39 (0.07–2.29)

Single

80

31.25

26

54

0.88 (0.48–1.61)

1.12 (0.48–2.60)

Married

116

45.31

41

75

1

Educational status

Secondary & above

24

9.38

12

12

1.74 (0.74–4.13)*

1.61 (0.53–4.88)

Primary

73

28.52

29

44

1.15 (0.65–2.03)

1.32 (0.61–2.86)

Less than primary

159

62.11

58

101

1

Occupation

No occupation

41

16.02

14

27

0.82 (0.37–1.82)

0.47 (0.16–1.38)

Farmer

140

54.69

56

84

1.06 (0.60–1.88)*

0.46 (0.18–1.21)

Non-farmer

75

29.30

29

46

1

Residence

Rural

223

87.11

90

133

1.81 (0.80–4.06)*

2.61 (0.80–8.53)

Urban

33

12.89

9

24

1

Living alone

Yes

32

12.50

20

12

3.06 (1.42–6.58)*

2.77 (1.02–7.53)**

No

225

87.89

80

145

1

Stage of Neurolathyrism

Stage 4

32

12.50

18

14

3.38 (1.48–7.73)*

4.00 (1.28–12.48)**

Stage 3

35

13.67

18

17

2.78 (1.25–6.18)*

3.22 (1.09–9.54)**

Stage 2

91

35.55

36

55

1.72 (0.94–3.17)*

1.99 (0.90–4.38)

Stage 1

98

38.28

27

71

1

Perceived stigmatized

Yes

162

63.28

76

86

2.73 (1.55–4.79)*

2.69 (1.34–5.39)***

No

91

35.55

23

71

1

Lack Social or Family Support

Yes

75

29.30

41

34

2.56 (1.47–4.44)*

3.61 (1.80–7.24)****

No

181

70.70

58

123

1

Lifelong/ chronic comorbidities

Yes

50

19.53

26

24

1.97 (1.06–3.68)*

1.74 (0.78–3.89)

No

206

80.47

73

133

1

Substance Abuse

Yes

32

12.50

17

15

1.96 (0.93–4.14)*

2.19 (0.77–6.23)

No

224

87.50

82

142

1

Involve in regular exercise

No

226

88.28

92

134

2.26 (0.93–5.48)*

3.20 (1.07–9.62)**

Yes

30

11.72

7

23

1

Had ever get formal counselling about Neurolathyrism

No

196

76.56

84

112

2.25 (1.18 (4.31)*

2.38 (1.06–5.34)**

Yes

60

23.44

15

45

1

Know that neurolathyrism is not curable

Yes

218

85.16

88

130

1.66 (0.78–3.52)*

1.80 (0.68–4.77)

No

38

14.84

11

27

1

Income category

Low

182

71.09

73

109

1.28 (0.50–2.81)

Medium

42

16.41

15

27

1.06 (0.40–2.78)

High

32

12.50

11

21

1

Main income Source

Farming

230

89.84

90

140

1.61 (0.31–8.46)

Marketing

19

7.42

7

12

1.46 (0.22–9.62)

Employment

7

2.73

2

5

1

Family history of depressive symptoms

Yes

11

4.30

6

5

1.96 (0.58–6.61)

No

245

95.70

93

152

1

Have a family member affected by Neurolathyrism

Yes

19

7.42

11

8

2.33 (0.90–6.01)*

2.48 (0.69–8.92)

No

237

92.58

88

149

1